Understanding the Universe by Greenstein George
Author:Greenstein, George [Greenstein, George]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2012-12-31T00:00:00+00:00
Theory of solar magnetism
In Table 11.1 we summarize the observed properties of sunspots.
Table 11.1. Observed properties of sunspots.
* * *
Sunspots are cooler than their surroundings.
Their number increases and decreases regularly over an 11-year sunspot cycle.
Their location on the Sun systematically shifts during the sunspot cycle (the butterfly diagram).
Sometimes they vanish entirely (as in the Maunder Minimum).
They come in pairs, oriented east–west.
The two members of a pair have opposite magnetic polarities: one is north and the other south.
The pattern of magnetic polarities of a pair is reversed between the northern and southern hemispheres of the Sun.
The pattern of magnetic polarities of a pair is reversed between one sunspot cycle and the next.
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